Cienfuegos is the smallest province in Cuba. With the exception of the Sierra de Escambay, Cienfuegos is low lying with an economy almost entirely dedicated to the growing and processing of sugar. Sugar mills and sugarcane plantations dot the landscape.

There are waterfalls in the sierra of the province.
The capital city of the province, also called Cienfuegos, was founded by French settlers in 1819.

Diving off Cienfuegos province is extremely popular both with tourists and locals. There are numerous underwater caves, and well over 50 dive sites in the province.